目的：研究生殖细胞核因子（Germ cell nuclear factor，GCNF）在小鼠配子发生过程中的表达特点；探讨年龄、动情周期等对GCNF表达的影响；推测GCNF在小鼠生殖功能中的可能作用。方法：用RT-PCR、免疫组化、Western blot等方法检测GCNF在雌、雄小鼠生殖细胞的表达及定位特点；用图像分析系统等对结果进行半定量分析；用SPSS10.0软件对结果进行统计学分析。结果：1、在雌性胎鼠卵巢中GCNF没有表达；出生后，GCNF在雌鼠卵巢的生长卵母细胞中表达；然后随着雌鼠的生长发育，GCNF表达逐渐升高，性成熟时达到高峰；至生殖晚期，表达明显减少。在成年雌鼠，随着动情周期的出现，GCNF的表达发生明显的变化，其中在动情间期表达达到高峰（P＜0.01）。2、GCNF在雄性胎鼠睾丸中没有表达，在出生后14天雄鼠生精上皮的初级精母细胞核中表达；随着性发育成熟，GCNF表达明显增强。在成年雄鼠的精子发生过程中，GCNF定位发生了明显的改变，由早期的核定位(初级精母细胞的核)到最后定位于成熟精子的尾部。结论：1、GCNF特异表达在雌、雄鼠的生长中生殖细胞。这说明GCNF可能参与配子发生（卵子、精子）过程。2、GCNF在雌鼠的动情间期表达达到高峰，说明该基因可能参与卵母细胞的募集过程。3、在精子发生过程中，GCNF的定位发生改变，说明其可能参与精子的形成、成熟、运动等功能。

Objective: To detect the expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in mouse gonads; to research the factors which regulate the GCNF expression, including age, normal estrous cycle and so forth; which will contribute to reveal the probable effects of GCNF during gametogenesis. Methods: With immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and RT-PCR, it was demonstrated that the expression and localization of GCNF during gametogenesis. With image analysis system and SPSS 10.0 system, the results were statistically analysed. Results: In mice gonads, GCNF was spically expressed in developing germ cells, including oocytes in primary and secondary follicles, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. In fetal mice gonads, no staining was detected. On the other hand, GCNF expression obviously varied following the mouse development and during normal estrous cycles. Moreover, during spermatogenesis, GCNF protein was redistributed from nucleus to plasma in germ cells. Conclusions: 1. The results that GCNF was specially expressed in developing germ cells suggest that GCNF plays an important role during gametogenesis. 2. The results that GCNF protein level was at peak in diestrus suggest that GCNF plays a role in oocytes recruiting. 3. The results that GCNF was redistributed during spermatogenesis indicate that GCNF plays a crucial role during spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermatozoa movement.

缩略词表…………………………………………………………………1
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………3
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………4
文献综述…………………………………………………………………5
前言 ……………………………………………………………………19
实验动物和材料 ………………………………………………………21
第一部分：生殖细胞核因子在雌鼠生殖细胞中的表达………………26
材料与方法 ………………………………………………………26
实验结果 …………………………………………………………31
讨论 ………………………………………………………………39
第二部分：生殖细胞核因子在雄鼠生殖细胞中的表达………………42
材料与方法 ………………………………………………………42
实验结果 …………………………………………………………44
讨论 ………………………………………………………………49
结论 ……………………………………………………………………52
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………53
个人简历 ………………………………………………………………62
致谢 ……………………………………………………………………63